Dockde容器操作

我们在启动容器的时候。会发现明明已经启动容器了，为什么还是会查看不到容器进程呢？

Docker 容器启动时，默认会把容器内部第一个进程，也就是pid=1的程序，作为docker容器是否正在运行的依据，如果docker 容器pid=1的进程挂了，那么docker容器便会直接退出

Docker容器命令

参数选项：

docker run选项	作用
-d	放在后台运行
-name	指定容器名
-i	容器交互模式input
-t	给容器提供一个终端tty
--rm	容器退出自动删除
--restart always	容器开机自启
-p(小)	端口映射
-P(大)	随机端口映射
-v	映射数据卷

# 查看正在运行的容器
[root@docker01 ~]# docker ps
[root@docker01 ~]# docker ps -a -q
c494097ad9d6
b5c120b9c97d
6115b211d38f
## 选项：
-a：查看所有容器（正在运行的和退出的）
-q：只显示容器的ID号
# 创建容器
[root@docker01 ~]# docker create nginx:alpine
# 启动容器
1）前提：容器pid为1的进程必须在前台运行，否则无法启动
[root@docker01 ~]# docker start 0cac7a6a774a
# 停止容器
[root@docker01 ~]# docker stop 0cac7a6a774a
# 重启容器
[root@docker01 ~]# docker restart 0cac7a6a774a
# 容器无法stop时，可以强制kill
[root@docker01 ~]# docker kill 0cac7a6a774a
## 重点：运行容器
1）在终端前台运行容器
[root@docker01 ~]# docker run nginx:alpine
2）后台运行
[root@docker01 ~]# docker run -d nginx:alpine
3）指定容器名称
[root@docker01 ~]# docker run --name web01 -d nginx:alpine
4）启动容器并连接容器
[root@docker01 ~]# docker run --name web03 -it nginx:alpine /bin/sh
[root@docker01 ~]# docker run --name c7_v1 -it centos:7 /bin/bash
5）容器退出自动删除
[root@docker01 ~]# docker run --rm --name c7_v2 -it centos:7 /bin/bash
6）docker服务重启后，容器开机自启
[root@docker01 ~]# docker run --restart always --name web10 -it -d nginx:alpine
7）取消容器开机自启
[root@docker01 ~]# docker update --restart=no web10
8）连接容器
[root@docker01 ~]# docker exec -it web10 /bin/sh
9）拷贝宿主机的文件到容器中
[root@docker01 ~]# docker cp /root/main.sh web15:/
[root@docker01 ~]# docker cp web15:/main.sh /opt/
10）删除容器  //删除所有停止和已死掉的容器，慎重使用
[root@docker01 ~]# docker rm $(docker ps -a -q)
11）删除单个容器
[root@docker01 ~]# docker stop  容器id
[root@docker01 ~]# docker rm 容器id

容器端口映射

## 先查看声明了哪些端口
[root@docker01 ~]# docker inspect nginx:alpine
[
    {
        "Id": "sha256:cc44224bfe208a46fbc45471e8f9416f66b75d6307573e29634e7f42e27a9268",
        "RepoTags": [
            "nginx:alpine"
        ],
        "RepoDigests": [
            "nginx@sha256:eb05700fe7baa6890b74278e39b66b2ed1326831f9ec3ed4bdc6361a4ac2f333"
        ],
        "Parent": "",
        "Comment": "",
        "Created": "2021-12-29T19:29:13.874392808Z",
        "Container": "7575fb322d4b00ae10e2adb9fa8ef3d9c855b8530ff2d4d0187a2734302b3469",
        "ContainerConfig": {
            "Hostname": "7575fb322d4b",
            "Domainname": "",
            "User": "",
            "AttachStdin": false,
            "AttachStdout": false,
            "AttachStderr": false,
            "ExposedPorts": {         
                "80/tcp": {}       #//容器端口
            },
            "Tty": false,
            "OpenStdin": false,
            "StdinOnce": false,
            "Env": [
                "PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin",
                "NGINX_VERSION=1.21.5",
                "NJS_VERSION=0.7.1",
                "PKG_RELEASE=1"
            ],
            "Cmd": [
                "/bin/sh",
                "-c",
                "#(nop) ",
                "CMD [\"nginx\" \"-g\" \"daemon off;\"]"
            ],
            "Image": "sha256:6818f894a012ecd044735f31c67f74ab749d254ca8385096062680514d3c3c5e",
            "Volumes": null,
            "WorkingDir": "",
            "Entrypoint": [
                "/docker-entrypoint.sh"
            ],
            "OnBuild": null,
            "Labels": {
                "maintainer": "NGINX Docker Maintainers <docker-maint@nginx.com>"
            },
            "StopSignal": "SIGQUIT"
        },
        "DockerVersion": "20.10.7",
        "Author": "",
        "Config": {
            "Hostname": "",
            "Domainname": "",
            "User": "",
            "AttachStdin": false,
            "AttachStdout": false,
            "AttachStderr": false,
            "ExposedPorts": {
                "80/tcp": {}
            },
            "Tty": false,
            "OpenStdin": false,
            "StdinOnce": false,
            "Env": [
                "PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin",
                "NGINX_VERSION=1.21.5",
                "NJS_VERSION=0.7.1",
                "PKG_RELEASE=1"
            ],
            "Cmd": [
                "nginx",
                "-g",
                "daemon off;"
            ],
            "Image": "sha256:6818f894a012ecd044735f31c67f74ab749d254ca8385096062680514d3c3c5e",
            "Volumes": null,
            "WorkingDir": "",
            "Entrypoint": [
                "/docker-entrypoint.sh"
            ],
            "OnBuild": null,
            "Labels": {
                "maintainer": "NGINX Docker Maintainers <docker-maint@nginx.com>"
            },
            "StopSignal": "SIGQUIT"
        },
        "Architecture": "amd64",
        "Os": "linux",
        "Size": 23456409,
        "VirtualSize": 23456409,
        "GraphDriver": {
            "Data": {
                "LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/0c0c0cb2a53e190ecba292c2398fd650ed6621c1ee50003771879e411cc2a6ee/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/f9a4c042c2a01b760ba432599c33b6ff06b621e0afd6a7b7436adfc3b7f44a2f/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/3958afcc640bc5b7899257f8811fe709909039734e2574ede9a975679a9e2032/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/3badf218f71ef57ab4555a7e57aa1f6cd2a38076f7b956cee256adf5f3c57411/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/d3a6e9022fdba37266677efcb9f67d30b224388ebdb74399293a3e7e379c700e/diff",
                "MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/4a01fa2d606f00545e58bbc4375cc286cbfe1e6c427886d5171633dbe5817c01/merged",
                "UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/4a01fa2d606f00545e58bbc4375cc286cbfe1e6c427886d5171633dbe5817c01/diff",
                "WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/4a01fa2d606f00545e58bbc4375cc286cbfe1e6c427886d5171633dbe5817c01/work"
            },
            "Name": "overlay2"
        },
        "RootFS": {
            "Type": "layers",
            "Layers": [
                "sha256:8d3ac3489996423f53d6087c81180006263b79f206d3fdec9e66f0e27ceb8759",
                "sha256:1c9c1e42aafaa6067e6591a2b3214b4d6c6c357b597377bd395486d9999209cd",
                "sha256:3f87f0a06073927060d269480f2c55cd4ac978732291be1e900a0e834dbc0db0",
                "sha256:5ee3266a70bd586778d7d3dc36fd1dbc2ab407d559615a1c3508697eac86142f",
                "sha256:0e835d02c1b5a93d74af44edda6dc7b36938429847b13d0553a5ba4adab1e686",
                "sha256:419df8b600324530e8b64cabca7b0e6b959efc8d41fb2b8253014a4099747501"
            ]
        },
        "Metadata": {
            "LastTagTime": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"
        }
    }
]
# 指定端口映射    //本机的8088指向容器的80端口
[root@docker01 ~]# docker run --name web11 -p 8088:80 -d nginx:alpine
-p 宿主机端口:容器端口
# 指定IP和端口映射
[root@docker01 ~]# docker run --name web13 -p 172.16.1.101:80:80 -d nginx:alpine
[root@docker01 ~]# docker run --name web13 -p 10.0.0.101:80:80 -d nginx:alpine
# 随机端口映射
[root@docker01 ~]# docker run --name web14 -P -d nginx:alpine
[root@docker01 ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS
PORTS NAMES
e6b69f7b89f3 nginx:alpine "/docker-entrypoint.…" 12 seconds ago Up 12
seconds 0.0.0.0:32768->80/tcp, :::32768->80/tcp web14
[root@docker01 ~]# docker run --name web15 -p 10.0.0.101::80 -d nginx:alpine
-p 宿主机IP::容器端口
-p 宿主机IP::容器端口/udp
-p 1-65535:1-65535

使用docker运行nginx做小游戏

手动解压

#启动容器
[root@docker01 ~]# docker run --name web01 -p80:80 -d nginx:alpine
#复制游戏代码到容器立马
[root@docker01 ~]# docker cp h5_games.zip web01:/
#连接容器
[root@docker01 ~]# docker exec -it web01 /bin/sh
/ # vi /etc/nginx/conf.d/1_h5.conf
/ # unzip h5_games.zip -d /usr/share/nginx/html
/ # mv /usr/share/nginx/html/h5_games/* . 

数据卷映射

# -v 宿主机目录:容器目录
[root@docker01 h5_games]# docker run -p 80:80 -v /opt/h5_games:/usr/share/nginx/html
-d nginx:alpine
# -v 容器目录（宿主机上随机目录）
[root@docker01 h5_games]# docker run -v /usr/share/nginx/html -d nginx:alpine
[root@docker01 _data]# docker inspect 9f117a84b020bcadaee3

手动制作镜像

# 1.首先要启动一个基础镜像
[root@docker01 _data]# docker run -it -d centos:centos7 /bin/bash
# 2.进入到容器立马换源   //更换华为源
[root@44286c1a2d30 /]# bash <(curl -sSL https://linuxmirrors.cn/main.sh)
# 3.安装nginx
[root@448571c63be8 /]# yum install -y nginx unzip
# 4.写配置文件   
[root@448571c63be8 /]# vi /etc/nginx/conf.d/h5.conf
server{
    listen 80;
    server_name _;
    root /code;
    index index.html;
}
# 5.创建code目录
[root@448571c63be8 /]# mkdir /code
# 6.拷贝代码  //切记，不要直接直接退出容器，不然前面所有操作全部作废;在开一个终端
[root@docker01 ~]# docker cp /root/h5_games.zip 44286c1a2d30:/code
# 7.部署代码   //回到容器站点目录
[root@448571c63be8 code]# unzip h5_games.zip
[root@448571c63be8 code]# mv h5_games/* .
# 8.将容器打成镜像  //回到新开的终端把容器打成镜像
[root@docker01 ~]# docker commit 44286c1a2d30 nginx_h5:v1
[root@docker ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY   TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED         SIZE
nginx_h5     v1        1eb5f8b128bd   6 seconds ago   912MB   #//生成的新镜像
nginx        alpine    cc44224bfe20   20 months ago   23.5MB
alpine       latest    c059bfaa849c   21 months ago   5.59MB
centos       centos7   eeb6ee3f44bd   24 months ago   204MB
# 9.导出镜像 
[root@docker01 _data]# docker save nginx_h5:v1 > /tmp/h5.tgz
# 10.拷贝镜像  //发送给docker02
[root@docker01 _data]# scp /tmp/h5.tgz 172.16.1.102:/tmp
# 11.导入镜像
[root@docker02 ~]# ll /tmp
total 900980
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 922600960 Sep  8 15:31 h5.tgz
drwx------ 2 root root         6 Sep  7 14:27 vmware-root_6145-1983849898
drwx------ 2 root root         6 Sep  8 07:53 vmware-root_6147-1992172584
[root@docker02 ~]# docker load < /tmp/h5.tgz
[root@docker02 ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY   TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED         SIZE
nginx_h5     v1        1eb5f8b128bd   5 minutes ago   912MB
alpine       latest    c059bfaa849c   21 months ago   5.59MB
centos       v7.9      eeb6ee3f44bd   24 months ago   204MB
# 12.启动
[root@docker02 ~]# docker run -p 80:80 -d nginx_h5:v1 /sbin/nginx -g 'daemon off;'
# 13.浏览器访问